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Mac OS, operating system (OS) developed by the American computer company Apple Inc. The OS was introduced in 1984 to run the company’s Macintosh line of personal computers (PCs). The Macintosh heralded the era of graphical user interface (GUI) systems, and it inspired Microsoft Corporation to develop its own GUI, the Windows OS. The premier free, open-source browser, considered by many to be the world's best. Clutch for sites that don't support Safari. What sets it apart from Safari is the huge universe of plugins and extensions. Download Page Camino. Based on the same Mozilla foundation as Firefox, Camino is a more native OS X app. Fast and simple.

Is your Mac up to date with the latest version of the Mac operating system (macOS or OS X)? Is it using the version required by some other product that you want to use with your Mac? Which versions are earlier (older) or later (newer, more recent)? To find out, learn which version is installed now.

If your macOS isn't up to date, you may be able to update to a later version.

Which macOS version is installed?

From the Apple menu  in the corner of your screen, choose About This Mac. You should see the macOS name, such as macOS Mojave, followed by its version number. If you need to know the build number as well, click the version number to see it.

This example shows macOS Catalina version 10.15 build 19A583.

Which macOS version is the latest?

These are all Mac operating systems, starting with the most recent. When a major new macOS is released, it gets a new name, such as macOS Catalina. As updates that change the macOS version number become available, this article is updated to show the latest version of that macOS.

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If your Mac is using an earlier version of any Mac operating system, you should install the latest Apple software updates, which can include important security updates and updates for the apps that are installed by macOS, such as Safari, Books, Messages, Mail, Music, Calendar, and Photos.

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NTFS-3G is an open-sourcecross-platform implementation of the Microsoft WindowsNTFS file system with read/write support. NTFS-3G often uses the FUSEfile system interface, so it can run unmodified on many different operating systems. It is runnable on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenSolaris, illumos, BeOS, QNX, WinCE, Nucleus, VxWorks, Haiku,^[1]MorphOS, Minix, macOS^[2] and OpenBSD.^[3][4] It is licensed under the GNU General Public License. It is a partial fork of ntfsprogs and is under active maintenance and development.

NTFS-3G was introduced by one of the senior Linux NTFS developers, Szabolcs Szakacsits, in July 2006. The first stable version was released on February 21, 2007, as version 1.0. The developers of NTFS-3G later formed a company, Tuxera Inc., to further develop the code. NTFS-3G is now the free 'community edition',^{[1][failed verification]} while Tuxera NTFS is the proprietary version.

Features[edit]

NTFS-3G supports all operations for writing files: files of any size can be created, modified, renamed, moved, or deleted on NTFS partitions. Transparent compression is supported, as well as system-level encryption.^[5] Support to modify access control lists and permissions is available.^[6] NTFS partitions are mounted using the Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) interface. NTFS-3G supports hard links, symbolic links, and junctions. With the help of NTFS reparse point plugins, it can be made to read chunk-deduplicated files, system-compressed files, and OneDrive files.^[7] NTFS-3G provides complete support and translation of NTFS access control list (ACL) to POSIX ACL permissions. A 'usermap' utility is included to record the mapping from UIDs to Windows NT SIDs.

NTFS-3G supports partial NTFS journaling, so if an unexpected computer failure leaves the file system in an inconsistent state, the volume can be repaired. As of 2009, a volume having an unclean journal file is recovered and mounted by default. The ‘norecover’ mount option can be used to disable this behavior.^[8]

Performance[edit]

Benchmarks show that the driver's performance via FUSE is comparable to that of other filesystems' drivers in-kernel,^[9] provided that the CPU is powerful enough. On embedded or old systems, the high processor usage can severely limit performance. Tuxera sells optimized versions of the driver that claims to have improved CPU utilization for embedded systems and MacOS.^[10]

The slowness of NTFS-3G (and FUSE in general) on embedded systems is attributed to the frequent context switching associated with FUSE calls. Some open-source methods provided to reduce this overhead include:^[11]

• The underlying FUSE layer has an option called big_writes to use larger blocks when writing. Using a larger block means fewer context switches. This is in fact a solution recommended by Tuxera.^[12] A patch is available to use an even larger block.^[13]
• There is also a Linux kernel option called lazytime to reduce the writes on file access.
• Synology Inc. uses a modified NTFS-3G on their NAS systems. It replaces the ntfs-3g inode caching CACHE_NIDATA_SIZE with a different mechanism with unsure benefit. (It also includes an alternative Security Identifier translation for the NAS.)

History[edit]

• NTFS-3G forked from the Linux-NTFS project on October 31, 2006.
• On February 21, 2007, Szabolcs Szakacsits announced 'the release of the first open-source, freely available, stable read/write NTFS driver, NTFS-3G 1.0.'
• On October 5, 2009, NTFS-3G for Mac was brought under the auspices of Tuxera Ltd. and a proprietary version called Tuxera NTFS for Mac was made available.^[14]
• On April 12, 2011, it was announced that Ntfsprogs project was merged with NTFS-3G.^[15]
• NTFS-3g added TRIM support in version 2015.3.14.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abc'STABLE Version 2017.3.23 (March 28, 2017)'. Tuxera. Tuxera. 2017-03-23. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
2. ^NTFS-3G for Mac OS X ('Catacombae')
3. ^'OpenBSD adds fuse(4) support for adding file systems in userland'. OpenBSD Journal. 2013-11-08. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
4. ^'ntfs_3g-2014.2.15 – FUSE NTFS driver with read/write support'. OpenBSD ports. 2014-01-05. Retrieved 2015-02-14.
5. ^NTFS-3G FAQ
6. ^NTFS-3G: NTFS Driver with Ownership and permissions
7. ^André, Jean-Pierre (March 1, 2019). 'NTFS-3G: Junction Points, Symbolic Links and Reparse Points'. jp-andre.pagesperso-orange.fr.
8. ^'NTFS-3G 2009.2.1 changelog'. Archived from the original on 2009-03-23. Retrieved 2012-09-10.
9. ^Comparing NTFS-3G to ZFS-FUSE for FUSE Performance
10. ^Performance at Tuxera
11. ^Gothe, Markus. 'On Linux NTFS Performance'. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
12. ^'NTFS-3G Questions'. Tuxera. Workaround: using the mount option “big_writes” generally reduces the CPU usage, provided the software requesting the writes supports big blocks.
13. ^Wang, M. 'linux - Disadvantages of ntfs-3g `big_writes` mount option'. Unix & Linux Stack Exchange. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
14. ^NTFS-3G for Mac OS X is now Tuxera NTFS for Mac
15. ^Release: NTFS-3G + NTFSPROGS 2011.4.12

External links[edit]